Nice to meet you! I'm a quantitative UX researcher with a PhD in Cognitive Psychology from Princeton University. Currently, I work at Edmentum, where I research districts', educators' and students' expectations, behaviors, and preferences for digital course curriculum. Previously, I led high impact cross-collaborative research in academia (Max Planck, Harvard, JHU) and B2C tech companies (Google, Duolingo).
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Princeton UniversityDepartment of Psychology
Ph.D. StudentSep. 2019 - May 2024 -
University of RochesterB.S. in Brain and Cognitive Sciences; B.A. in LinguisticsSep. 2014 - May 2018
Honors & Awards
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NSF Graduate Research Fellowship2019
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Phi Beta Kappa Joseph O'Hern Scholarship2018
Work Experience
Selected Publications (view all )
Video Call improves Japanese English learners’ speaking skills
Audrey Kittredge, Crystal Lee, Xiangying Jiang
Duolingo Research Report 2025
This is the first study to demonstrate the actual learning value of the AI-enabled Video Call with Lily feature: where Duolingo users can practice speaking with Lily (powered by Open AI GPT). Using a randomized control trial, we found that Duolingo users who engaged with the Video Call with Lily feature at least 2x a day for 30 days improved their speaking abilities significantly more compared to users who did not use this feature.
Video Call improves Japanese English learners’ speaking skills
Audrey Kittredge, Crystal Lee, Xiangying Jiang
Duolingo Research Report 2025
This is the first study to demonstrate the actual learning value of the AI-enabled Video Call with Lily feature: where Duolingo users can practice speaking with Lily (powered by Open AI GPT). Using a randomized control trial, we found that Duolingo users who engaged with the Video Call with Lily feature at least 2x a day for 30 days improved their speaking abilities significantly more compared to users who did not use this feature.
Accessibility factors that lead to good-enough language production
Crystal Lee, Casey Lew-Williams, Adele Goldberg
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 2022
In a series of experiments, I determined three variables the influence words we say: word frequency, priming, and time pressure. By identifying these factors, I demonstrate that speech production is fundamentally a "good-enough" process, where what humans say is pushed and pulled by multiple dimensions.
Accessibility factors that lead to good-enough language production
Crystal Lee, Casey Lew-Williams, Adele Goldberg
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society 2022
In a series of experiments, I determined three variables the influence words we say: word frequency, priming, and time pressure. By identifying these factors, I demonstrate that speech production is fundamentally a "good-enough" process, where what humans say is pushed and pulled by multiple dimensions.
Augmenting communication between hearing parents and deaf children
Ashley Tenesaca, Jung Yun Oh, Crystal Lee, Wanyin Hu, Zhen Bai
2019 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct) 2019
Over 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents who are not fluence in sign language. This mismatch can lead to delayed exposure, and ultimately childrens' delayed language acquisition. In this team, I acted as a SME expert in the development of a visual augmentation prototype that allows hearing parents to just-in-time ASL to their deaf children.
Augmenting communication between hearing parents and deaf children
Ashley Tenesaca, Jung Yun Oh, Crystal Lee, Wanyin Hu, Zhen Bai
2019 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct) 2019
Over 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents who are not fluence in sign language. This mismatch can lead to delayed exposure, and ultimately childrens' delayed language acquisition. In this team, I acted as a SME expert in the development of a visual augmentation prototype that allows hearing parents to just-in-time ASL to their deaf children.